Cochlear implant surgery is a safe and standardized procedure performed under general anesthesia. The surgery typically lasts 1.5 to 3 hours and is done on an outpatient or short-stay basis. A small incision is made behind the ear, and the surgeon drills into the mastoid bone to access the cochlea. The internal implant is placed under the skin, and the electrode array is gently threaded into the cochlea.

The goal of surgery is precise placement of the electrodes to optimize sound transmission and minimize trauma to the cochlea. Newer surgical techniques emphasize “soft surgery” approaches to preserve any remaining hearing and reduce risks. Once the implant is in place, the incision is closed, and the patient is monitored during recovery. Most individuals experience minimal pain, though temporary dizziness or numbness may occur.

Post-surgical healing typically takes one to two weeks. During this time, the implant remains inactive, allowing the site to heal properly. Antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection, and follow-up visits ensure there are no complications. It’s important to avoid strenuous activity and keep the incision dry during the healing phase.

About two to four weeks after surgery, the external sound processor is activated and programmed—a process called “mapping.” The surgery marks the beginning of a longer journey that includes programming, therapy, and adjustment to hearing through the implant. When performed by experienced surgeons in specialized centers, the procedure is highly effective and life-changing for many patients.